Can I change the locks?

Changing the locks on a rental property is one of the highest-risk actions a landlord can take.

From 2 May 2026, with Section 21 abolished, landlords must rely on lawful possession routes. Taking possession by force — including changing locks — can expose a landlord to serious legal consequences.

⚠ Critical Warning — Unlawful Eviction Risk

If a tenant still has a legal right to occupy the property, changing the locks without a court order is likely to be treated as:

  • Unlawful eviction
  • Harassment of a tenant

1. The Legal Rule

A landlord cannot remove a tenant from a property without following the correct legal process. This usually requires:

  • A valid notice (Section 8 under current law)
  • A court order for possession
  • Enforcement through bailiffs or authorised officers
PIMS Tip:

The tenancy does not end just because the tenant leaves temporarily or stops paying rent.

2. Common Landlord Mistakes

  • Changing locks when rent arrears build up
  • Assuming the tenant has “gone” without proof
  • Taking back the property after non-payment
  • Entering and securing property without legal confirmation
PIMS Insight:

Many landlords believe they are protecting their property — but legally, they may be creating a much bigger problem.

3. When Can Locks Be Changed?

Locks should only be changed when the landlord has a clear legal right to possession, such as:

  • The tenant has surrendered the tenancy
  • A court order has been enforced
  • The property is clearly abandoned AND properly evidenced
PIMS Warning:

Abandonment must be proven — assumptions are dangerous.

4. Financial and Legal Consequences

Unlawful eviction and harassment can result in:

  • Criminal prosecution by the local authority
  • Fines up to tens of thousands of pounds
  • Compensation claims from the tenant
  • Rent Repayment Orders (up to 12–24 months rent)
  • Difficulty obtaining possession later
PIMS Critical Warning:

A single wrong action — such as changing locks — can cost more than the entire tenancy income.

5. What To Do Instead

  • Confirm whether the tenant has legally ended the tenancy
  • Check abandonment carefully (inspection + evidence)
  • Use the correct Section 8 process where needed
  • Keep a clear written record of all actions

→ Follow the correct possession process

PIMS Final Rule:

Never take possession by force. If in doubt, stop and check — it is far safer than fixing a mistake later.